Thorough explanation of fundamental principles od geomterical optics, image forming by thin and thick lens, lens systems, aberrations. Main types of visual instruments.

1. Light as electromagnetic radiation. Wavefronts and rays. Index of refraction. Optical path. Polarization.
2. Fermat's principle. Refraction and reflection at a plane surface. Total internal reflection. Planparalel plate. Handeness and parity.
3. Plane mirro and systems of mirrors. Refraction prisms: types, applications.
4.Crown and flint glass, dispersion, Abbe number. Dispersion prisms, minimum deviation position.
5. Curved optical surface and systems of spherical surfaces. Transfer equations, ray tracing. Cardinal points and planes. Focal length, optical power. Magnification.
6. Thick and thin lens: image forming, ray tracing, lens' types. Geomterical ray tracing. Thin lens systems, effective focal length. Afocal attachment.
7. Aberrations of optical systems: monochromatic. colour. Corrections of aberrations.
8. Reading glasses, magnifying glass: resolving power, magnification, types.
9. Microscope: optical layout, main characteristics. Mechanical design.
10. Image recording with a microscope. Inverted and stereomicrooscope.
11. Illumination system of microscope. Abbe theory of image forming.
12. Contrast enhancing techniques in microscopy.
13. Refracting telescopes: Galileo, Kepler. Focusing mechanisms. Image erecting systems.

Problems related to the lecture content (calculations).
Laboratory tasks: Apex angle of prism, Refractive index and Abbe number, Focal length of thick lens, Resolving power of a lens and demonstration of optical aberrations

E. Dereniak and T. Dereniak: GEOMETRICAL AND TRIGONOMETRIC OPTICS, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2008

Fermat's principle, prism, mirror, thin lens, thick lens, aberrations, telescope, microscope